Chapter 98: Vol. 1 Chapter 098: 1893

The year 1893 was a very turbulent one. On January 17, , the last monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, attempted to amend the constitution. However, this led to a coup d'état in which the was finally collapsed.

It is worth mentioning that the coup was made possible by the rapid landing of American troops in Hawaii after the coup. After the coup, the Queen was placed under house arrest in the . The monarchy was replaced by a rebel provisional government, leading to a republican period and eventually becoming part of the United States in 1898.

One hundred years after the coup, the U.S. Congress passed United States Public Law 103-105, also known as the "," which officially issued an apology by the U.S. government for its role in supporting the coup in the Hawaiian Kingdom. U.S. President signed this resolution on November 23, 1993.

The demise of the Hawaiian Kingdom signaled that the U.S. had become ungrateful and had set off a call for expansion into the Pacific, which also laid the seeds for future U.S.-Japanese conflicts.

In 1893, the British declared a '', and France occupied the adjacent area of Dahomey in the same year. The British '' clashed with the French ~ on the western border of Nigeria. This Niger crisis led to an almost war between Britain and France. The conflict lasted until 1898 when the two countries signed an agreement to divide West Africa.

In the same year, the Anglo-German South African crisis broke out. In order to prevent Britain from acquiring the whole of South Africa and annexing the two Boer republics, German capitalists, with the government's support, built the railroad from Pretoria to present-day Maputo in 1893.

The Boer Republic was given access to the Indian Ocean and freed from port dependence on the British. In the end, Germany controlled most of the Boer trade, and tensions between the British and Germans in South Africa increased.

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These international events, which have little impact on Bulgaria in a short time, are very important for studying foreign relations. Ferdinand kept the good habit of gathering information and sending a copy to the military and political officials, which helped broaden their horizons.

The economic crisis broke out in 1893, and the United States, far away in the Pacific, suffered this time. Because the legacy of over-investment in railroads broke out, the railroad bubble was burst, causing a full-blown economic crisis.

As soon as the American railroad crisis was reported, it caused concern in all sectors of Bulgaria. Bulgaria's big railroad plan also caused widespread concern and anxiety in all sectors of society. In order to calm people's minds, Ferdinand sent copies of 'factual' reports in the major Bulgarian newspapers.

The paper describes the causes and symptoms of the U.S. railroad crisis, focusing on 'overlapping projects and unhealthy competition' as the core of the problem. It cites plenty of evidence that the Bulgarian railroad plan is feasible. It publicly announces that the government will not approve the construction of multiple railroads on the same line - to avoid unhealthy competition.

The year 1893 was a crucial year for Bulgaria. On August 15, the first Bulgarian steel mill, the Mercedes Volkswagen Steel Works, was put into operation, with a daily production capacity of 525 tons of steel, of which it produced 105 tons of steel and 420 tons of iron.